North Vietnam: Some supplied covertly to Viet Minh forces.Manchukuo: used by second-line units of the Manchukuo Imperial Army.
Some Hanyang 88s used by Collaborationist Chinese Army forces.Empire of Japan: Some used by second line units.People's Republic of China: Used by the PLA before they were phased out.Republic of China (1912-1949): Used by various Warlords and the NRA.Qing Dynasty: Known to be used in the Boxer Rebellion.Nevertheless, it was the most numerous rifle used by the Chinese National Revolutionary Army in their engagements with the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War. By World War I, this round had already become obsolete. The Hanyang 88 was originally chambered for the German round-nose 7.92×57mm I round. The Hanyang 88 also had a carbine variant, which was shorter and lighter, albeit with inferior accuracy and range, similarly to the Gewehr 1891 carbine and a short rifle variant. Īlthough the 5-round en-bloc clips of Hanyang 88 can accept the new round, mass conversion of Hanyang 88 to accept the spitzer bullet, despite having been planned, did not take place. Other changes included the rear sight based on the Kar98. In 1904, the rifle's design was changed to remove the barrel shroud and more wood placed on it to protect the person's hands from being burned. The disadvantages, however, were that the hole in the magazine could allow dirt to get in, thus possibly causing reliability issues. The main advantage of this kind of loading mechanism was that it allowed the user to reload very quickly. When the last round was chambered, the clip would fall out of the magazine via a hole in the bottom. The magazine was loaded by using a 5-round en-bloc clip. It was a bolt-action rifle that cocked on opening, and its Mannlicher-style magazine could hold 5 7.92×57mm Mauser rounds. The Hanyang 88 was essentially a copy of the Gewehr 88, with a few minor differences, including the absence of the barrel shroud, and an extension of the bayonet. When the rifles were used by the People's Liberation Army, they were either used by militia forces or were used as training/drill rifles. Further production halted when the Chiang Kai-Shek rifle was instead being produced in 1944. Initially manufactured at Hanyang Arsenal, production was moved to the 21st Arsenal in Chongqing after Wuhan fell to Japanese forces in 1938. Production of the rifle ceased in 1944, 1.1 million rifles having been produced. Some were reportedly supplied to the Viet Minh. It was also used by the Chinese Communists, who not only used it during the same time period, but also during the Korean War.
Japanese forces in China captured large amounts of Hanyang 88s and issued them to second-line units and collaborationist Chinese troops. It served as one of the standard battle rifles used by the National Revolutionary Army from its founding in 1925 until the late 1940s, after the end of World War II. From the start of production in 1895, the Type 88 was modified twice to improve performance in 1904 and in 1930. This firearm was a rifle directly patterned on the German Gewehr 88 and was initially fielded by the New Armies of the Qing Dynasty. However, manufacture of the new rifle never managed to match demand,Īnd the Type 88 continued to be manufactured and to equip the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The rifle was due to be replaced as the standard Chinese rifle by the Chiang Kai-shek rifle. The name of the rifle is derived from Hanyang Arsenal, the main factory that produced this rifle. It was adopted by the Qing Dynasty towards the end of the 19th century and was a standard Chinese rifle, being used by multiple factions and formations, until the end of the Chinese Civil War. The Type 88, sometimes known as " Hanyang 88" ( Chinese: 漢陽八八式步槍) and Hanyang Zao (Which means Made in Hanyang), is a Chinese-made bolt-action rifle, based on the German Gewehr 88. Rear sight with a range of 160m, front blade sight A Hanyang 88 rifle display in the Wuchang Uprising Memorialĥ round en-bloc clip, external box magazine, clip fed
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